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Logique

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20 mai 2008

Logique libres

Par Mickaël Simon le 20 mai 2008, 23:38

Via LogBlog, (le permalien du billet cité ici ne semble pas fonctionner), le début d'une liste de manuels de logique librement disponibles, établis par Rob Loftis :

I've decided that my students should not have to pay for a logic textbook. Most textbooks are obscenely expensive., but logic textbooks in particular get in my craw. The formal systems that they teach have been a part of the human intellectual heritage for over a hundred years, and the textbooks don't do anything in particular to make more approachable for students. They survive on the laziness of instructors, not on any originality content or presentation.

Open Access Logic Textbooks

aucun commentaire

1 mars 2008

Chaïm Perelman, L'empire rhétorique

Par Mickaël Simon le 1 mars 2008, 13:18

La renaissance et la réhabilitation de la rhétorique dans la pensée contemporaine, à laquelle nous assistons actuellement, n'ont été possible qu'après un réexamen des rapports entre la dialectique et la rhétorique, tels qu'ils ont été établis par Aristote, et profondément modifiés, dans un sens défavorable à la rhétorique, par Pierre de la Ramée. C'est à un pareil réexamen que nous proposons de procéder : il expliquera les causes du dé&clin de la rhétorique et élucidera les rapports de la nouvelle rhétorique avec la théorie de l'argumentation

Chaïm Perelman, L'empire rhétorique, Vrin.

aucun commentaire

20 décembre 2007

Logique du second ordre et d'ordre supérieur

Par Mickaël Simon le 20 décembre 2007, 12:28

There are two approaches to the semantics of second-order logic. They differ on the interpretation of the phrase “for every set of objects.” Does this have some fixed meaning to which we can refer, or do we need to consider the variety of meanings the phrase might have? In the first case (which will be called standard semantics), we are taking for granted certain mathematical concepts. In the second case (which will be called general semantics), much less is being taken for granted. In this case, to be considered valid, a sentence will need to be true under all the allowable meanings of the phrase “for every set of objects.”

Second-order and Higher-order Logic

aucun commentaire

26 septembre 2007

La philosophie des mathématiques

Par Mickaël Simon le 26 septembre 2007, 19:43

If mathematics is regarded as a science, then the philosophy of mathematics can be regarded as a branch of the philosophy of science, next to disciplines such as the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of biology. However, because of its subject matter, the philosophy of mathematics occupies a special place in the philosophy of science. Whereas the natural sciences investigate entities that are located in space in time, it is not at all obvious that this also the case of the objects that are studied in mathematics. In addition to that, the methods of investigation of mathematics differ markedly from the methods of investigation in the natural sciences. Whereas the latter acquire general knowledge using inductive methods, mathematical knowledge appears to be acquired in a different way, namely, by deduction from basic principles.

Leon Horsten, Philosophy of Mathematics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

23 septembre 2007

La logique de Bolzano

Par Mickaël Simon le 23 septembre 2007, 09:26

Bolzano's presentation of logic is embedded in the vast body of the Theory of Science (henceforth TS). His logic is based on the abstract concepts of proposition in itself (an sich) and idea in itself, which are both independent of thought and language. His logic of ideas contains a new treatment of their content and extension and, among other things, yields an analysis of ideas without objects. A purely logical definition of intuitions as simple singular ideas allowed Bolzano to distinguish them from concepts and to complete the traditional epistemological distinction between a priori and a posteriori by the logical distinction between conceptual and empirical propositions (and sciences).

Jan Sebestik, Bolzano's Logic, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

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